Hybrid Power Architectures using Mixed Sources for Fault-Tolerant Applications Many utility installations already contain Energy Storage Systems (ESS) for maintaining continuous operation during times when a grid supply is not available to the location. For our hybrid systems discussion, consider the ESS being a 130v direct-current (dc) source. A converter power system is used to transform dc at 130V to 48V dc in the shelf system and support the individual protection circuits. The rectifier p...